![]() In this study, seven different variables with different weights and rating values were combined using the DRASTIC method. This chapter introduced DRASTIC and geodetector-based frequency ratio (GFR) methods to develop indices for NO 3 vulnerability. Hydrogeologic conditions are used in groundwater contamination vulnerability mapping to identify susceptible regions. Numerous hydrogeological conditions of the region affect the percolation of NO 3. The Central Valley aquifer in California had extensive groundwater nitrate (NO 3) contamination due to excessive nitrogen fertilizer seeping into the aquifer. Proactive risk assessments prevent costly remediation and guide informed policy making and community actions, ensuring a clean and sustainable water source for current and future generations. Groundwater, a primary source for drinking and irrigation, is threatened by pollutants. Risk assessment of potential groundwater contamination is essential for safeguarding public health, ensuring agricultural sustainability, and maintaining ecological balance.
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